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A novel dynamic model for the temperature inside buildings is presented, aiming to improve energy efficiency by providing predictive information on the heat demand. To analyse the performance and generalizability of the modelling approach, real measurement data was gathered from five different types of buildings. Easily available data from various sources was utilized. The chosen model structure leads to a minimal number of input variables and free parameters. Simulations with real data from...

A novel dynamic model for the temperature inside buildings is presented, aiming to improve energy efficiency by providing predictive information on the heat demand. To analyse the performance and generalizability of the modelling approach, real measurement data was gathered from five different types of buildings. Easily available data from various sources was utilized. The chosen model structure leads to a minimal number of input variables and free parameters. Simulations with real data from...

The heating energy demand stated in energy performance certificates (EPC) and in other instruments used in the of evaluation of building’s energy performance is usually determined assuming very specific (reference) indoor behavioral/heating patterns. Particularly, they tend to assume that households heat (nearly) the entire house to a “comfort” temperature during (nearly) all the heating season. However, several field studies have shown that there are major niches of the housing stock which...

In modern societies, educational buildings play a key role in creating a good social climate and conditions in which children and young people can develop. Several international studies have been conducted to evaluate students’ performance and the factors that most influence it, including classrooms’ thermal comfort. Yet, various revealed differences between pupils’ perception and the results of thermal comfort models. The large majority of the thermal comfort studies in classrooms were...

The impact of climate change on agriculture differs depending on the region and sector of activity. Predictive models suggest that climate change in eastern Canada will overall result in increased temperatures, changed precipitations patterns, and overall longer cropping seasons. Both modelling and actual experimentation in controlled environments and in fields suggest that yield response will vary depending on the crop species. In cool-season forage species, which are the predominant in the...

The impact of climate change on agriculture differs depending on the region and sector of activity. Predictive models suggest that climate change in eastern Canada will overall result in increased temperatures, changed precipitations patterns, and overall longer cropping seasons. Both modelling and actual experimentation in controlled environments and in fields suggest that yield response will vary depending on the crop species. In cool-season forage species, which are the predominant in the...

Assessments have been made of 153 classrooms in 27 schools in order to identify the impact of the physical classroom features on the academic progress of the 3766 pupils who occupied each of those specific spaces. This study confirms the utility of the naturalness, individuality and stimulation (or more memorably, SIN) conceptual model as a vehicle to organise and study the full range of sensory impacts experienced by an individual occupying a given space. In this particular case the...

The paper proposes a hybrid numerical-neural-network model developed based on the simulation of unheated and uncooled indoor temperature and humidity for buildings. This model is initiated with a numerical simulation and the output is then passed to a neural network for calibration. This approach utilizes both numerical and neural network models and it can analyze the influences of specific parameters on building performances without sacrificing accuracy and generalizability. An experimental...

This study presents thermal comfort and relevant parameters for kindergarten children in naturally ventilated classrooms in Seoul, Korea. The dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, the airflow velocity, and the globe temperature were measured at 10 randomly selected kindergartens from April to June, 2013, and a survey was conducted three times a day for 119 kindergarten children (age: 4–6) to investigate their thermal comfort, clothing insulation, and metabolism. The effects of these...

The paper refers to the development of a continuous time mathematical heating model for a building unit based on the first principles. The model is described in terms of the state space variables, and a lumped parameter approach is used to represent the room air temperature and air density using mass and energy balances. The one-dimensional heat equation in cartesian coordinates and spherical coordinates is discretized in order to describe the thermic characteristics of the layers of the...

In order to derive complex indices for the evaluation of climate in urban and other planning levels information and data about climate and climate influencing factors are of importance. The models RayMan and SkyHelios are two free available micro-scale models for the calculation and estimation of Sky View Factor, sunshine duration, shadow and in general radiation fluxes. In addition, RayMan is able to estimate the most modern thermal indices used in human biometeorology. The two models have...

This paper presents a novel simulation system which couples a computational fluid dynamics program with a model of human thermal comfort and thermoregulation. The coupled system is used to predict the performance of a buoyancy-driven natural ventilation strategy for a typical school classroom in the UK. Results of the coupled system are compared with uncoupled (CFD alone) approaches to simulation. These comparisons highlight areas where a coupled modelling approach is likely to be beneficial.

The present paper suggests a procedure for identification of suitable models for the heat dynamics of a building. Such a procedure for model identification is essential for better usage of readings from smart meters, which is expected to be installed in almost all buildings in the coming years. The models can be used for different purposes, e.g. control of the indoor climate, forecasting of energy consumption, and for accurate description of energy performance of the building. Grey-box models...

There is much documented material concerning human thermal comfort from the physiological, adaptive and social convention paradigms. Most of these studies have been conducted on limited-occupancy buildings, such as offices and institutions of higher learning in the northern hemisphere and parts of the ASEAN region; the subjects generally being adults and assumed to be in good health. In contrast, limited work appears to have been carried out in regularly occupied buildings like homes and in...

With the development of modern computer technology, a large amount of building energy simulation tools is available in the market. When choosing which simulation tool to use in a project, the user must consider the tool's accuracy and reliability, considering the building information they have at hand, which will serve as input for the tool. This paper presents an approach towards assessing building performance simulation results to actual measurements, using artificial neural networks (ANN)...

The air temperature and humidity combined in the enthalpy have a strong impact on the perceived air quality, and perceived air quality determines the required ventilation in ventilation standard. In tropical humid climate, which is mainly characterized by an elevated air temperature and a high relative humidity, obtaining the comfort conditions in the buildings can make by permitting sufficient interior air velocity. Air movements inside a building depend not only on external wind velocity,...